{"id":24355,"date":"2026-02-19T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-02-19T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibsal.es\/researchers-discover-a-new-communication-pathway-between-the-intestine-and-the-liver-mediated-by-the-microbiota\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T12:54:00","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T10:54:00","slug":"researchers-discover-a-new-communication-pathway-between-the-intestine-and-the-liver-mediated-by-the-microbiota","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibsal.es\/en\/researchers-discover-a-new-communication-pathway-between-the-intestine-and-the-liver-mediated-by-the-microbiota\/","title":{"rendered":"Researchers Discover a New Communication Pathway Between the Intestine and the Liver Mediated by the Microbiota"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A study by IBSAL and USAL, published in the high-impact journal *Hepatology*, reveals that molecules produced by gut bacteria enter human bile and could serve as markers of dysbiosis and its possible link to liver and biliary diseases<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The study is based on a translational approach that combines clinical observations from samples taken from more than 200 patients with basic research using animal models and cellular studies to demonstrate this new physiological process<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A study led by researchers at <a href=\"https:\/\/ibsal.es\/es\/\">the Salamanca Biomedical Research Institute<\/a> (IBSAL), and the University of Salamanca has discovered a <strong>new communication mechanism between the gut and the liver:<\/strong> certain molecules produced by the gut microbiota not only act locally in the gut but can also travel through the entire enterohepatic circulation and appear in human bile.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The finding, published in the high-impact scientific journal <strong><em>Hepatology,<\/em><\/strong> shows for the first time that so-called <strong>amide-modified bacterial bile acids (MABAs<\/strong>)\u2014molecules generated when gut bacteria modify bile acids\u2014are present in the bile of patients with diseases of the liver, pancreas, and bile ducts.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A discovery that challenges the traditional view of bile acids<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bile acids are substances produced by the liver that act as \u201cnatural detergents\u201d and are essential for digesting fats and absorbing vitamins. Until a few years ago, it was thought that their composition was strictly controlled by the body itself. However, recent studies had identified small amounts of bile acids in animals that had been modified by gut bacteria.  <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWe wondered <strong>whether those molecules, which had been observed in mice, also existed in humans<\/strong> and whether they remained in the intestine or followed the entire bile acid cycle,\u201d explains <strong>Jos\u00e9 Juan Garc\u00eda Mar\u00edn,<\/strong> principal investigator of the study and head of the <strong>Experimental Hepatology and Drug Delivery<\/strong> Group (<a href=\"https:\/\/fisiologiayfarmacologia.org\/hevepharm\/\">HEVEPHARM<\/a>), which is part of the National Biomedical Research Network for the Study of Liver and Digestive Diseases (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ciberehd.org\/\">CIBEREHD<\/a>) at the Carlos III Health Institute.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To answer this question, and in collaboration with the <strong>Salamanca University Healthcare Complex<\/strong> and other national and international centers, the team analyzed more than <strong>200 samples of human bile<\/strong> from patients with various hepatopancreatobiliary conditions\u2014such as cholangiocarcinoma, or bile duct cancer\u2014using <strong>high-resolution mass spectrometry<\/strong> techniques capable of detecting extremely small amounts.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWe wanted to make sure this wasn\u2019t just a one-off observation. That\u2019s why we combined the analysis of patient samples with animal models and cellular systems, which allowed us <strong>to track the path of these molecules step by step<\/strong>, <strong>\u201d<\/strong>the researcher notes. <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>  Rare but revealing molecules<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The results showed that approximately half of the patients studied had MABAs in their bile, although <strong>at concentrations one million times lower than those of normal bile acids<\/strong>. These molecules were not found in healthy individuals, and their presence was more common in situations where the flow of bile into the intestine is impaired. <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cFinding them in human bile was key, because it shows that these bacterial molecules are not just a local peculiarity of the intestine, but rather <strong>behave like true bile acids and travel throughout the entire system<\/strong>, <strong>\u201d<\/strong>notes Garc\u00eda Mar\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The study also demonstrated, using animal and cellular models, that MABA are absorbed in the intestine, enter the portal circulation, and are taken up by the liver via the same transporters used by conventional bile acids.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cUntil now, it was assumed that these molecules remained in the intestine, but our results show that they can traverse the entire gut-liver axis and reach the bile. <strong>This changes our understanding of the communication between the microbiota and the body<\/strong>, <strong>\u201d<\/strong>explains the professor of Physiology at the University of Salamanca.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A possible indicator of intestinal dysbiosis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although MABA compounds do not appear to have any toxic effects or direct clinical consequences, their presence provides valuable information: <strong>they indicate an imbalance in the gut microbiota, a condition <\/strong>known as <strong>dysbiosis.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThese molecules could act as a kind of chemical fingerprint indicating that the gut ecosystem is out of balance,\u201d explains the principal investigator. \u201cWe don\u2019t yet know if they play a functional role, but their appearance tells us that something is changing in the relationship between the gut and the body.\u201d <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The team believes that this discovery opens up new possibilities in the medium and long term. One of these is the <strong>development of new biomarkers that <\/strong>will make it possible to easily detect changes in the microbiota. <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIf we can <strong>amplify the signal and detect them in the blood<\/strong>, they could become a very useful tool for identifying states of dysbiosis and personalizing treatments,\u201d explains <strong>\u00c1lvaro Gacho Temprano,<\/strong> a chemist on the team who is currently working on developing more sensitive detection methods.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From a microbiological standpoint, the finding also opens the door to <strong>new strategies for modulating the microbiota<\/strong>. \u201cUnderstanding which microorganisms produce these molecules and why they do so can help us intervene to restore intestinal balance by favoring certain populations over others,\u201d adds <strong>Lorena Carro<\/strong>, a microbiologist on the team. <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Challenges and Future Research Directions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This research marks the beginning of a <strong>new multidisciplinary line of work that combines physiology, microbiology, chemistry, and clinical medicine<\/strong>. Upcoming challenges include: identifying all variants of MABAs produced by the microbiota; understanding their potential biological or pathophysiological function; developing simple methods for their detection in clinical samples; and exploring whether other microbial metabolites follow similar pathways to the bile. <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThis study is not an endpoint, but a starting point. We now know that these molecules exist and circulate; the next step is to understand how they change in the disease and how we can use them clinically,\u201d notes the principal investigator.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thus, the project continues at the IBSAL\u2019s Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Drug Delivery (HEVEPHARM), directed by Jos\u00e9 Juan Garc\u00eda Mar\u00edn, with the participation of Mar\u00eda Jes\u00fas Monte, Marta Rodr\u00edguez Romero, Lorena Carro, \u00c1lvaro Gacho Temprano, and young researchers in training, in collaboration with national and international centers.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThis study compels us to broaden our understanding of the microbiota and its role in human physiology,\u201d concludes Garc\u00eda Mar\u00edn.<strong>\u201cWe\u2019re probably only seeing the tip of the iceberg<\/strong>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Reference article:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Temprano AG, Romero MR, Ghallab A, Llera L, Macias RIR, van Eijk HM, Rull\u00e1n M, Urman J, Ay \u00dc, Lenicek M, Hengstler JG, Neumann UP, Berasain C, Avila MA, Olde Damink SWM, Monte MJ, Marin JJG, Schaap FG. Gut-to-bile transfer of microbially amidated minor bile acids in patients with hepatopancreatobiliary disorders. Hepatology. June 23, 2025. doi: 10.1097\/HEP.0000000000001441.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>IBSAL<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Salamanca Institute for Biomedical Research (IBSAL) was established on March 21, 2011, through an agreement signed by the Department of Health of the Regional Government of Castile and Le\u00f3n and the University of Salamanca, which was joined in February 2012 by the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). It is one of the 36 health research institutes accredited by the Carlos III Health Institute. <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Its scientific activity is organized into six areas, comprising a total of 88 research groups: Cancer (23 groups); Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory (11); Neuroscience (12); Infectious, Inflammatory, and Metabolic Diseases (20); Gene and Cell Therapy and Transplants (6); and Primary Care, Public Health, and Pharmacology (16).<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>For more information and contact details:<\/strong><br\/><a href=\"mailto:comunicacion@ibsal.es\"><strong>comunicacion@ibsal.es<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A study by IBSAL and USAL, published in the high-impact journal *Hepatology*, reveals that molecules produced by gut bacteria enter human bile and could serve as markers of dysbiosis and 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